feat(citygen): building interiors, doors, windows, shafts

Blocks now keep a one-tile margin from water, the map edge and other
districts and get an alley ring; lots are cut as back-to-back rows so
every building has an outdoor-facing wall for its door.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/citygen/src/generate/interiors.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+//! Stage 7: rooms, doors, windows and internal shafts.
+
+use super::{GenCtx, Stage, StageRunner, StepOut};
+use crate::geom::{Pos, Rect};
+use crate::params::GenError;
+use crate::tile::Terrain;
+use crate::world::{Building, Connector, ConnectorKind, StratumKind};
+use rand::Rng;
+use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
+use rand_chacha::ChaCha8Rng;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct InteriorsStage {
+    next: usize,
+    rng: Option<ChaCha8Rng>,
+}
+
+fn is_corner(r: Rect, p: Pos) -> bool {
+    (p.x == r.x || p.x == r.right() - 1) && (p.y == r.y || p.y == r.bottom() - 1)
+}
+
+/// The neighbour of a border tile that lies inside the footprint.
+fn inward(r: Rect, p: Pos) -> Pos {
+    if p.x == r.x {
+        p.offset(1, 0)
+    } else if p.x == r.right() - 1 {
+        p.offset(-1, 0)
+    } else if p.y == r.y {
+        p.offset(0, 1)
+    } else {
+        p.offset(0, -1)
+    }
+}
+
+fn outward(r: Rect, p: Pos) -> Pos {
+    let i = inward(r, p);
+    Pos::new(2 * p.x - i.x, 2 * p.y - i.y)
+}
+
+impl InteriorsStage {
+    /// Recursive partitions: a wall line with one door, on floor tiles only.
+    fn partition(ctx: &mut GenCtx, rng: &mut ChaCha8Rng, k: StratumKind, inner: Rect, depth: u8) {
+        let can_v = inner.w >= 7;
+        let can_h = inner.h >= 7;
+        if depth == 0 || (!can_v && !can_h) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let vertical = if can_v && can_h {
+            inner.w >= inner.h
+        } else {
+            can_v
+        };
+        if vertical {
+            let s = rng.random_range(inner.x + 3..=inner.right() - 4);
+            for y in inner.y..inner.bottom() {
+                let p = Pos::new(s, y);
+                if ctx.terrain(k, p) == Terrain::Floor {
+                    ctx.set_terrain(k, p, Terrain::Wall);
+                }
+            }
+            let door = Pos::new(s, rng.random_range(inner.y..inner.bottom()));
+            if ctx.terrain(k, door) == Terrain::Wall {
+                ctx.set_terrain(k, door, Terrain::Door);
+            }
+            Self::partition(
+                ctx,
+                rng,
+                k,
+                Rect::new(inner.x, inner.y, s - inner.x, inner.h),
+                depth - 1,
+            );
+            Self::partition(
+                ctx,
+                rng,
+                k,
+                Rect::new(s + 1, inner.y, inner.right() - s - 1, inner.h),
+                depth - 1,
+            );
+        } else {
+            let s = rng.random_range(inner.y + 3..=inner.bottom() - 4);
+            for x in inner.x..inner.right() {
+                let p = Pos::new(x, s);
+                if ctx.terrain(k, p) == Terrain::Floor {
+                    ctx.set_terrain(k, p, Terrain::Wall);
+                }
+            }
+            let door = Pos::new(rng.random_range(inner.x..inner.right()), s);
+            if ctx.terrain(k, door) == Terrain::Wall {
+                ctx.set_terrain(k, door, Terrain::Door);
+            }
+            Self::partition(
+                ctx,
+                rng,
+                k,
+                Rect::new(inner.x, inner.y, inner.w, s - inner.y),
+                depth - 1,
+            );
+            Self::partition(
+                ctx,
+                rng,
+                k,
+                Rect::new(inner.x, s + 1, inner.w, inner.bottom() - s - 1),
+                depth - 1,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Opens a door on a border wall facing `outside_ok` terrain; returns the lobby tile.
+    fn exterior_door(
+        ctx: &mut GenCtx,
+        rng: &mut ChaCha8Rng,
+        k: StratumKind,
+        fp: Rect,
+        outside_ok: impl Fn(Terrain) -> bool,
+        prefer: Option<Terrain>,
+    ) -> Option<Pos> {
+        let candidates: Vec<Pos> = fp
+            .border()
+            .filter(|p| !is_corner(fp, *p) && ctx.terrain(k, *p) == Terrain::Wall)
+            .filter(|p| {
+                let o = outward(fp, *p);
+                ctx.city.size.contains(o) && outside_ok(ctx.terrain(k, o))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        if candidates.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let preferred: Vec<Pos> = match prefer {
+            Some(t) => candidates
+                .iter()
+                .copied()
+                .filter(|p| ctx.terrain(k, outward(fp, *p)) == t)
+                .collect(),
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let pool = if preferred.is_empty() {
+            &candidates
+        } else {
+            &preferred
+        };
+        let door = *pool.choose(rng).expect("non-empty pool");
+        ctx.set_terrain(k, door, Terrain::Door);
+        let lobby = inward(fp, door);
+        if !ctx.city.walkable(k, lobby) {
+            ctx.set_terrain(k, lobby, Terrain::Floor);
+        }
+        Some(lobby)
+    }
+
+    fn windows(ctx: &mut GenCtx, fp: Rect) {
+        let k = StratumKind::Street;
+        let spots: Vec<Pos> = fp
+            .border()
+            .filter(|p| !is_corner(fp, *p) && ctx.terrain(k, *p) == Terrain::Wall)
+            .filter(|p| (p.x + p.y) % 2 == 0)
+            .filter(|p| {
+                let o = outward(fp, *p);
+                ctx.tile(k, o).is_some_and(|t| t.is_outdoor_ground())
+            })
+            .collect();
+        for p in spots {
+            ctx.set_terrain(k, p, Terrain::Window);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Places the internal stair or lift and registers its connector.
+    fn shaft(ctx: &mut GenCtx, b: &Building) {
+        let fp = b.footprint;
+        let inner = fp.inset(1);
+        let strata: Vec<StratumKind> = b.span.iter().collect();
+        let open_everywhere = |ctx: &GenCtx, p: Pos| {
+            strata.iter().all(|k| {
+                let t = ctx.terrain(*k, p);
+                t != Terrain::Wall && t != Terrain::Void && ctx.city.walkable(*k, p)
+            })
+        };
+        let centre = fp.center();
+        let mut best = inner
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| open_everywhere(ctx, *p))
+            .min_by_key(|p| p.dist2(centre));
+        if best.is_none() {
+            let c = if inner.is_empty() {
+                centre
+            } else {
+                inner.center()
+            };
+            for k in &strata {
+                if *k != StratumKind::Heights {
+                    ctx.set_terrain(*k, c, Terrain::Floor);
+                    for n in c.neighbors4() {
+                        if inner.contains(n) && ctx.terrain(*k, n) == Terrain::Wall {
+                            ctx.set_terrain(*k, n, Terrain::Floor);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            best = Some(c);
+        }
+        let pos = best.expect("set above");
+        let kind = if strata.len() == 2 {
+            ConnectorKind::Stair
+        } else {
+            ConnectorKind::Lift
+        };
+        let terrain = match kind {
+            ConnectorKind::Stair => Terrain::Stair,
+            _ => Terrain::Lift,
+        };
+        for k in &strata {
+            ctx.set_terrain(*k, pos, terrain);
+            ctx.set_feature(*k, pos, None);
+        }
+        ctx.city.connectors.push(Connector {
+            kind,
+            pos,
+            serves: strata,
+            public: false,
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn furnish(&mut self, ctx: &mut GenCtx, i: usize) {
+        let b = ctx.city.buildings[i].clone();
+        let rng = self.rng.as_mut().expect("begin sets rng");
+        let fp = b.footprint;
+        for k in b.span.iter() {
+            if k == StratumKind::Heights {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Self::partition(ctx, rng, k, fp.inset(1), 4);
+            match k {
+                StratumKind::Street => {
+                    let lobby = Self::exterior_door(
+                        ctx,
+                        rng,
+                        k,
+                        fp,
+                        |t| {
+                            matches!(
+                                t,
+                                Terrain::Road | Terrain::Sidewalk | Terrain::Alley | Terrain::Plaza
+                            )
+                        },
+                        Some(Terrain::Sidewalk),
+                    );
+                    if let Some(l) = lobby {
+                        ctx.scratch.lobbies.push((b.id, l));
+                    }
+                    Self::windows(ctx, fp);
+                }
+                StratumKind::Skyways => {
+                    Self::exterior_door(
+                        ctx,
+                        rng,
+                        k,
+                        fp,
+                        |t| matches!(t, Terrain::Walkway | Terrain::Bridge),
+                        None,
+                    );
+                }
+                StratumKind::Undercity => {
+                    Self::exterior_door(
+                        ctx,
+                        rng,
+                        k,
+                        fp,
+                        |t| matches!(t, Terrain::Tunnel | Terrain::Rail | Terrain::Grate),
+                        None,
+                    );
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        if b.span.len() >= 2 {
+            Self::shaft(ctx, &b);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl StageRunner for InteriorsStage {
+    fn begin(&mut self, ctx: &mut GenCtx) -> Result<(), GenError> {
+        self.rng = Some(ctx.rng(Stage::Interiors));
+        self.next = 0;
+        ctx.scratch.lobbies.clear();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn step(&mut self, ctx: &mut GenCtx) -> Result<StepOut, GenError> {
+        let n = ctx.city.buildings.len();
+        if self.next >= n {
+            return Ok(StepOut::Finished);
+        }
+        self.furnish(ctx, self.next);
+        self.next += 1;
+        Ok(StepOut::Continue(self.next as f32 / n as f32))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::generate::testutil::small;
+    use crate::params::WaterMode;
+    use crate::pathing::components;
+    use crate::tile::Terrain;
+    use crate::world::StratumKind;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_building_has_a_street_door_and_internal_connectivity() {
+        let c = small(61, WaterMode::Bay, 7);
+        let st = c.stratum(StratumKind::Street).unwrap();
+        for b in &c.buildings {
+            let doors: Vec<_> = b
+                .footprint
+                .border()
+                .filter(|p| st.tiles[*p].terrain == Terrain::Door)
+                .collect();
+            assert!(!doors.is_empty(), "{:?} has no door", b.id);
+            assert!(doors.iter().any(|d| {
+                d.neighbors4()
+                    .any(|n| st.tiles.get(n).is_some_and(|t| t.is_outdoor_ground()))
+            }));
+            let inside = b.footprint;
+            let comps = components(st.tiles.size(), |p| {
+                inside.contains(p) && st.tiles[p].is_walkable()
+            });
+            assert_eq!(comps.len(), 1, "{:?} interior split", b.id);
+            if b.span.len() >= 2 {
+                let conn = c
+                    .connectors
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|k| inside.contains(k.pos) && !k.public)
+                    .expect("internal connector");
+                for s in b.span.iter() {
+                    assert!(conn.serves.contains(&s));
+                    assert!(c.walkable(s, conn.pos), "{:?} {s:?} {:?}", b.id, conn.pos);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rooms_respect_minimum_size_and_big_buildings_get_walls() {
+        let c = small(61, WaterMode::None, 6);
+        let st = c.stratum(StratumKind::Street).unwrap();
+        let big = c
+            .buildings
+            .iter()
+            .find(|b| b.footprint.w >= 12 && b.footprint.h >= 9)
+            .expect("a big building");
+        let walls_inside = big
+            .footprint
+            .inset(1)
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| st.tiles[*p].terrain == Terrain::Wall)
+            .count();
+        assert!(walls_inside > 0, "big building should have internal walls");
+        assert!(st.tiles.count(|t| t.terrain == Terrain::Window) > 20);
+    }
+}

crates/citygen/src/generate/lots.rs

@@ -18,41 +18,55 @@ pub(crate) struct LotsStage {
     rng: Option<ChaCha8Rng>,
 }
 
-/// Splits a block into lots no smaller than `min` and no larger than twice that.
+/// Splits a run `[lo, hi)` into pieces of length in `[min, 2*min)` with jittered cuts.
-fn bsp(rng: &mut ChaCha8Rng, rect: Rect, min: (i32, i32), out: &mut Vec<Rect>) {
+fn split_run(rng: &mut ChaCha8Rng, lo: i32, hi: i32, min: i32, out: &mut Vec<(i32, i32)>) {
-    let (min_w, min_h) = min;
+    let len = hi - lo;
-    let split_w = rect.w > 2 * min_w;
+    if len < 2 * min {
-    let split_h = rect.h > 2 * min_h;
+        out.push((lo, hi));
-    if !split_w && !split_h {
-        out.push(rect);
         return;
     }
-    let vertical = if split_w && split_h {
-        rect.w as f32 / min_w as f32 >= rect.h as f32 / min_h as f32
-    } else {
-        split_w
-    };
     let jitter: f32 = rng.random_range(0.4..0.6);
-    if vertical {
+    let s = (lo + (len as f32 * jitter) as i32).clamp(lo + min, hi - min);
-        let s =
+    split_run(rng, lo, s, min, out);
-            (rect.x + (rect.w as f32 * jitter) as i32).clamp(rect.x + min_w, rect.right() - min_w);
+    split_run(rng, s, hi, min, out);
-        bsp(rng, Rect::new(rect.x, rect.y, s - rect.x, rect.h), min, out);
+}
-        bsp(
+
-            rng,
+/// Splits a block into lots: at most two back-to-back rows (or columns), each cut into
-            Rect::new(s, rect.y, rect.right() - s, rect.h),
+/// strips along the long axis, so every lot touches the block perimeter.
-            min,
+fn bsp(rng: &mut ChaCha8Rng, rect: Rect, min: (i32, i32), out: &mut Vec<Rect>) {
-            out,
+    let (min_w, min_h) = min;
-        );
+    if rect.w >= rect.h {
+        let mut rows = Vec::new();
+        if rect.h >= 2 * min_h {
+            let s = rect.y + rect.h / 2;
+            rows.push((rect.y, s));
+            rows.push((s, rect.bottom()));
         } else {
-        let s =
+            rows.push((rect.y, rect.bottom()));
-            (rect.y + (rect.h as f32 * jitter) as i32).clamp(rect.y + min_h, rect.bottom() - min_h);
+        }
-        bsp(rng, Rect::new(rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, s - rect.y), min, out);
+        for (y0, y1) in rows {
-        bsp(
+            let mut cols = Vec::new();
-            rng,
+            split_run(rng, rect.x, rect.right(), min_w, &mut cols);
-            Rect::new(rect.x, s, rect.w, rect.bottom() - s),
+            for (x0, x1) in cols {
-            min,
+                out.push(Rect::new(x0, y0, x1 - x0, y1 - y0));
-            out,
+            }
-        );
+        }
+    } else {
+        let mut cols = Vec::new();
+        if rect.w >= 2 * min_w {
+            let s = rect.x + rect.w / 2;
+            cols.push((rect.x, s));
+            cols.push((s, rect.right()));
+        } else {
+            cols.push((rect.x, rect.right()));
+        }
+        for (x0, x1) in cols {
+            let mut rows = Vec::new();
+            split_run(rng, rect.y, rect.bottom(), min_h, &mut rows);
+            for (y0, y1) in rows {
+                out.push(Rect::new(x0, y0, x1 - x0, y1 - y0));
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -227,7 +241,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn buildings_fit_blocks_and_do_not_overlap() {
         let c = small(41, WaterMode::Bay, 7);
         assert!(
-            c.buildings.len() > 40,
+            c.buildings.len() > 30,
             "only {} buildings",
             c.buildings.len()
         );

crates/citygen/src/generate/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 pub mod arterials;
 pub mod districts;
+pub mod interiors;
 pub mod lots;
 pub mod streets;
 pub mod terrain;
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ pub(crate) fn runner_for(stage: Stage) -> Box<dyn StageRunner> {
         Stage::Streets => Box::new(streets::StreetsStage::default()),
         Stage::Lots => Box::new(lots::LotsStage::default()),
         Stage::Verticals => Box::new(verticals::VerticalsStage::default()),
+        Stage::Interiors => Box::new(interiors::InteriorsStage::default()),
         _ => Box::new(NoopStage),
     }
 }

crates/citygen/src/generate/streets.rs

@@ -284,10 +284,21 @@ impl Carver<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// A tile a block may not use: water, another district, anything already painted, or a
+    /// tile touching water, the map edge or another district (so a street ring always fits
+    /// around the block).
     fn is_bad(&self, p: Pos) -> bool {
-        !self.ctx.is_land(p)
+        if !self.ctx.is_land(p)
             || !self.ctx.in_district(p, self.d)
             || self.ctx.terrain(StratumKind::Street, p) != Terrain::Void
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        p.neighbors4().any(|q| {
+            !self.ctx.city.size.contains(q)
+                || !self.ctx.is_land(q)
+                || !self.ctx.in_district(q, self.d)
+        })
     }
 
     /// Drops edge rows/columns that are entirely unusable.
@@ -448,6 +459,12 @@ impl StreetsStage {
                 });
             }
         }
+        // Every block gets a walkable ring so each perimeter lot can open a door.
+        for b in &blocks {
+            for p in b.rect.grow(1).border() {
+                paint_cell(carver.ctx, p, district.id, Terrain::Alley);
+            }
+        }
         carver.ctx.scratch.blocks.extend(blocks);
     }
 }

crates/citygen/src/generate/verticals.rs

@@ -377,10 +377,7 @@ mod tests {
         for b in &c.buildings {
             let p = b.footprint.center();
             if b.span.contains(StratumKind::Skyways) {
-                assert!(matches!(
+                assert!(sk.tiles[p].is_building_part() || sk.tiles[p].is_connector());
-                    sk.tiles[p].terrain,
-                    Terrain::Floor | Terrain::Wall
-                ));
             } else {
                 // Air above a low roof may carry an elevated walkway.
                 assert!(matches!(
@@ -389,7 +386,10 @@ mod tests {
                 ));
             }
             if b.span.contains(StratumKind::Heights) {
-                assert_eq!(hi.tiles[p].terrain, Terrain::Rooftop);
+                assert!(matches!(
+                    hi.tiles[p].terrain,
+                    Terrain::Rooftop | Terrain::Lift | Terrain::Stair
+                ));
             } else {
                 assert!(matches!(
                     hi.tiles[p].terrain,